Blog, Physiotherapy

Understanding Adhesive Capsulitis: Causes, Stages, and Physiotherapy Management

Adhesive capsulitis, commonly known as frozen shoulder, is a condition characterised by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint.

This ailment significantly restricts the range of motion, making everyday tasks challenging and often unbearable.

In this blog, we will explore the causes, stages, and benefits of physiotherapy management for adhesive capsulitis.

What is Adhesive Capsulitis?

Adhesive capsulitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the shoulder capsule, the connective tissue surrounding the shoulder joint.

The exact cause of adhesive capsulitis remains unclear, but it is often associated with prolonged immobility due to surgery, injury, or other shoulder conditions.

Additionally, it is more common in people with diabetes, thyroid disorders, and tends to affect individuals between the ages of 40 and 60.

The Stages of Adhesive Capsulitis

Adhesive capsulitis progresses through three distinct stages:

Freezing Stage: This initial phase can last from six weeks to nine months. During the freezing stage, the shoulder becomes increasingly painful, and its range of motion begins to decrease. Simple activities like reaching for an item on a high shelf or putting on a coat can become excruciatingly painful.
Frozen Stage: In the second phase, which can last from four to twelve months, pain may begin to decrease, but the stiffness remains. The shoulder’s range of motion is significantly reduced, making it difficult to perform daily activities. This stage is often the most frustrating for patients because of the severe restriction in movement despite the lessening pain.
Thawing Stage: The final phase lasts from six months to two years. During the thawing stage, the shoulder slowly begins to regain its range of motion. The pain continues to decrease, and normal activities gradually become easier to perform.

Causes of Adhesive Capsulitis

While the exact causes of adhesive capsulitis are not fully understood, several factors are known to contribute to its development:

Injury or Surgery: Shoulder injuries or surgeries that lead to prolonged immobility can trigger adhesive capsulitis.
Systemic Conditions: Conditions such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, and cardiovascular diseases are associated with a higher risk of developing adhesive capsulitis.
Age and Gender: It is more common in individuals aged 40-60 and is more frequently seen in women than men.

Physiotherapy Management Benefits

Our team at M Physio are experts in the management of adhesive capsulitis through personalised physiotherapy treatments. Here are some of the key benefits our clinic provides:

Pain Relief: Our physiotherapists use a variety of techniques, including manual therapy, ultrasound, and heat/cold therapy, to effectively reduce shoulder pain.
Improved Mobility: We design specific exercises and stretches to improve the shoulder’s range of motion. Gentle, progressive exercises can aid in loosening the tight shoulder capsule.
Strengthening Muscles: Our strengthening exercises support the shoulder joint, making it easier to perform daily tasks without discomfort.
Education and Prevention: At M Physio Zetland, we educate patients on proper posture and techniques to avoid further injury. We also provide strategies to maintain shoulder health and prevent recurrence.
Customised Treatment Plans: We understand that each patient’s condition is unique. Our physiotherapists develop individualised treatment plans tailored to the specific needs and stages of the patient’s adhesive capsulitis.

Conclusion

Adhesive capsulitis can be a painful and frustrating condition, but with proper management and physiotherapy, recovery is possible.

Understanding the stages of frozen shoulder, its causes, and the benefits of physiotherapy can empower patients to seek the right treatment and regain their shoulder function.

If you or someone you know is struggling with adhesive capsulitis, consult the expert physiotherapists at M Physio Zetland to embark on a path toward pain relief and improved mobility.