Blog, Physiotherapy

Navigating the Journey of Bone Healing: Understanding the 5 Phases of Bone Healing and the Role of Immobilisation

Bone healing is a remarkable process orchestrated by the body to repair fractured or broken bones. This journey comprises several phases, each with its own timeline and physiological events. Our physiotherapist Haeley Kan at M Physio Zetland (Sydney) will delve into these phases and explore the significance of immobilisation in aiding the healing process.

Phases of Bone Healing

1. Inflammatory Phase (Days 1-5):
   • This initial phase begins immediately after a bone fracture.
   • Blood vessels around the fracture site rupture, leading to bleeding and the formation of a blood clot.
   • Inflammatory cells rush in to clear debris and bacteria, initiating the healing process.
2. Repair Phase (Days 5-10):
   • Soft callus formation occurs around the fracture site.
   • Specialised cells deposit collagen and cartilage, creating a scaffold for new bone formation.
3. Reconstruction Phase (Weeks 2-6):
   • New bone tissue replaces the soft callus, gradually hardening the bone.
   • Bone-forming cells deposit minerals onto the collagen scaffold, strengthening the bone structure.
4. Remodelling Phase (Weeks 6-12 and beyond):
   • Excess bone material is resorbed, and the bone reshapes to its original form.
   • Bone-resorbing cells remove excess bone while bone-forming cells continue to deposit new bone.

The Role of Immobilisation

Immobilisation, or the restriction of movement in the affected area, is often necessary to facilitate proper bone healing.

It is required in situations where:

• The fracture is severe and requires stabilisation to prevent further displacement or damage.
• The fracture involves a joint, necessitating immobilisation to promote optimal healing and prevent complications.
• The fracture is in a location that makes it difficult for the bone to heal without external support, such as certain bones in the hand or foot.

Pros and Cons of Immobilisation

Pros:

1. Stabilisation: Immobilisation helps keep the fractured bone ends aligned, promoting proper healing and preventing deformities.
2. Pain Relief: By reducing movement at the fracture site, immobilisation helps alleviate pain associated with the injury.
3. Facilitates Healing: Immobilisation creates a conducive environment for bone healing by minimising stress on the injured area and allowing the body’s natural healing processes to proceed.

Cons:

1. Muscle Atrophy: Prolonged immobilisation can lead to muscle weakness and loss of muscle mass in the surrounding area.
2. Joint Stiffness: Immobilisation for extended periods may result in stiffness and decreased range of motion in nearby joints.
3. Skin Issues: Immobilisation devices like casts or splints can cause skin irritation or pressure sores if not properly fitted or maintained.

In conclusion, bone healing involves a series of phases, each crucial for successful recovery. Immobilisation plays a pivotal role in stabilising fractures and promoting optimal healing conditions. While it offers numerous benefits, it’s essential to consider potential drawbacks and ensure proper application to maximise its effectiveness in aiding bone healing.

For expert guidance on optimising bone healing and rehabilitation, consult with our musculoskeletal physiotherapist, Haeley Kan, at M Physio in Zetland, NSW. With his expertise, you can ensure a smooth recovery journey and regain optimal function post-injury.

Written By: Hayley Kan (Physiotherapist) Masters of Physiotherapy